宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了托福每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。

1. 听写包答案：

Professor: OK. As art historians, one of our fundamental tasks is to assign authorship to works of art, right?

We’re presented with a work of art, and we have to figure out who made it.
But this task becomes particularly difficult when we’re dealing with works produced in Italy during the Renaissance, the 16th, 17th centuries.
Now, why is this the case? Anyone? Emily.
Student: Um...is it ‘cause artists didn’t sign their work?
I mean, didn’t the whole concept of the artist as an individual develop later? In like the 19th century?
Professor: Well, you are sort of on the right track.
The concept of the individual artist, especially the concept of the artist as an artistic genius struggling alone with a vision as opposed to...say...a mere artisan...well, the idea of the artist as a lone genius didn’t develop until later.
But artists, individual artists, did sign their work during the Renaissance.
In fact, you could say that’s part of the problem, paintings were signed by the artist and that used to be understood to be a mark of Renaissance’s individualism.
If a piece had Raphael’s signature on it, we assume it was done by the great artist himself, Raphael, in the singular.
教授：作为艺术史家，我们最基本的任务之一就是确定艺术作品的作者，对吧？
我们面前呈现了一个艺术作品，而我们要弄清楚这是出自谁之手。
但是当我们处理文艺复兴时期也就是16世纪、17世纪出自意大利的作品时，这个任务就变得特别困难了。
为什么会这样呢？有人知道吗？Emily你来说。
学生：是因为那时候艺术家不在他们的作品中署名吗？
我的意思是，个体艺术家这整个概念不是后来才发展出来的吗？好像是19世纪的时候？
教授：你的方向是对的。
个体艺术家这个概念，尤其是有着想象力的独自挣扎的艺术天才这个艺术家概念，而不仅仅是个工匠，艺术家作为一个单独的天才这个想法是直到后来才发展出来的。
但是艺术家，个体艺术家在文艺复兴时期是会在作品上署名的。
事实上你也能说这正是问题的一部分，画作上会有艺术家的签名，而这曾被理解成文艺复兴的个人主义标志。
如果一件艺术品上有Raphael的签名，我们会认为它是由这位伟大的艺术家Raphael本人独自完成的。

2.阅读包答案：

詹姆士·爱伦的《思考的人》是对自助自立这一中心思想的深入探索。它的主题是“思想是编织大师”，它创造了我们内在的性格和外部环境。

3.写作包答案;

Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of one's life?It's certainly difficult to offer a definite standard.But generally speaking,we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work,making clear whether he is serious about his life.
　　Throughout the history,the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives.They made best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible,never wasting their time.None of the working people and the great statesmen and their thinkers were of exception.