宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了雅思每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。

1.雅思中级听写包：

They consider their obligations to others.

他们会考虑自己对他人的义务。
As a result, they experience more anxiety and try to avoid situations where they could lose.
因此，他们会变得更加焦虑，试图避开会失败的状况。
Now that I have talked about the two focuses and how they affect people,
既然这两种焦点以及它们对人们的影响我都讲过了，
I want to look at the idea that the way leaders behave or their style of leading, can affect the focus that followers adopt in a specific situation.
那么我现在想要看看另一个想法——领导者的行为方式，或者说他们的领导风格会影响下属在具体状况下采取的焦点。
In talking about leadership, we often mention transformational leaders and transactional leaders.
在讨论领导能力的时候，我们经常会提到变革型领导者和维持型领导者。
Transformational leaders when interacting with their followers focus on their development.
变革型领导者在与下属交往时会关注他们的发展。
In their words and actions transformational leaders highlight change.
变革型领导者会用他们的语言和动作来突出变化。
Their speech is passionate and conveys a definitive vision.
他们的演讲充满激情，并传达了明确的愿景。
All of these things can encourage followers to think about what could be.
所有这些都会鼓励他们的下属去考虑可能会发生的事情。
In other words, they inspire a promotion focus in their followers.
换句话说，他们会启发下属产生提升性焦点。
In contrast, transactional leaders focus on developing clear structures that tell their followers exactly what is expected of them.
与此相反，维持型领导者更关注发展出清晰的组织结构来明确地告诉下属他们应该怎么做。
While they do explain the rewards people will get for following orders,
虽然他们也会说明下属遵从命令能够获得的奖励，
they emphasise more how a follower will be punished or that a follower won't get rewarded if his or her behaviour doesn't change.
但他们更强调下属会得到的惩罚，或者说如果一个下属不改变他们的行为方式的话，就无法得到奖励。
In short, they emphasise the consequences of making a mistake.
简单来说就是，他们更强调犯错的后果。
This emphasis will clearly lead followers to focus on avoiding punishment and problems.
这种重点会清晰地引导下属把注意力集中在避免惩罚和麻烦上，
This is clearly a prevention fo

2.阅读包答案：

在科学或所谓科学的推动下，社会将从前我们认为的性格缺陷或者道徳缺失重新划分为类似于生理障碍的人格障碍。

3.写作包答案：

中译英1： It is well-known (to all) that lung cancer is caused at least partly by smoking too much.

中译英2：

Needless to say,the number of acquaintances increase with one's age.The older one gets,the more place one has traveled,the more work experience one has,and the more acquaintances one is supposed to have.But not all acquaintances are friends.We come to know many people either in the way of business or by mere chance—say,having been at the same table at a dinner party.We may be on nodding or hand-shaking terms,call each other “friend”,sometimes write to each other with the salutation of “Dear So-and-So”,etc.All these are,in fact,nothing but civilities of social lefe,as hypocritical as the polite formula“dunshou”(kowtow)or“baibai”（a hundred greetings）used after the signature in old-fashioned Chinese letter-writing.We may call them social intercourse,far from the genuine friendship.