宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了雅思每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。

1.听写包答案：

So what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called Ethnography.

This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.
It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology and communication studies.
So what's it got to do with business, you may ask.
Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers either present or future
as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.
And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customers really want.
Let's look at some examples of how ethnographic research works in business.
One team of researchers did a project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment.
They watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar and flour.
They saw that the cooks had to check and recheck the contents,
because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them the cooks couldn't see these easily.
So a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.
Another team of ethnographic researchers looked at how cell phones were used in Uganda, in Africa.
They found that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of local entrepreneurs.
Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how much time they'd spent on the call so far.
So the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.
In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.
It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in order to solve problems,
but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and so on.
So the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.
In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.
This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of their patients no matter where they were.
This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to check records in locations throughout the hospital.
Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't be present.
For example, in one project done for an airline,
respondents used their smart phones to record information during airline trips in a study aiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.
今天我要跟你们讲的是关于人种学的内容。
这是一种以探究人类文明如何起作用为目的的研究。
它起先是为了在人类学领域的使用而提出的，现在也被用于研究社会学和传播学。
你们也许要问，这跟商务有什么关系？
企业逐渐发现，学习人种学能够使他们更深层次地洞悉现有或未来客户的潜在需求，
同时也使他们获取了客户对他们现有产品的宝贵意见。
而且人种学还能够帮助公司设计出客户真正想要的新产品或者服务。
我们来看几个例子，看看人种学方面的研究是如何在商业中起作用的。
一组研究人员为一家生产厨房用具的公司做了一个项目。
他们仔细观察了厨师们是如何使用量杯测算出像糖和面粉这类食品的用量的。
他们发现厨师们要反复检查量杯里的东西，
因为虽然这些量杯内部都有刻度，但是却无法轻易看见它们。
于是他们设计了一种新的量杯来克服这个问题，而这种量杯也成为了最畅销的产品。
另一组人种学研究人员研究了非洲乌干达的人们是如何使用手机的。
他们发现那些自己没有手机的人，可以付钱使用当地企业家的手机。
由于这些顾客提前支付了打电话的费用，所以他们很想知道自己这通电话到目前为止已经打了多长时间。
于是电话公司设计出了能够在全球使用的，带有这项额外性能的手机。
计算机公司同样也进行了人种学研究。
在某家公司里，他们持续观察了好几周IT系统管理员。
他们发现这些管理员的工作中很大一部分都涉及了和同事交流以解决问题，
但是他们没有一个通过电子数据表之类的平台交换信息的标准方式。
于是这组研究人员提出了设计一个能够帮助他们做到这一点的软件的想法。
在另一次研究中，一组研究员观察并约谈了一些在医院工作的护士。
他们发现，这些护士需要无论身在何处都能获取他们病人的电脑记录。
这一发现导致了一种便携式平板电脑的问世，这个平板电脑使得护士在医院的任何地方都能查看记录。
偶尔，在研究人员无法到达的环境里甚至也能进行研究。
比如一个为航空公司进行的项目。
在一项目的在于追踪乘客飞行时的情绪的研究中，被研究者用他们的智能手机记录下了飞行过程的信息。

2.阅读包答案：

许多经济学家对这种理论表示赞同，但实际上这样常常要由铁路部门去决定哪些公司兴旺，哪些公司破产。

3.写作包答案：

China has passed the first property law, ordering to protect Beijing’s hundreds of courtyards. But critics say, so-called “conservation” just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style. For this, Ma Yansong’s opinion is “The way is just to build fake antiques, it is not nice. These hutongs attract many tourists. The poor, old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses. The spirits of old Beijing are now dying away.”