宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了托福每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。

1.听写包答案：

Additionally, even though some fish in the population were maturing at an earlier age, none was actually growing faster.

No cod has a way of speeding up its rate of growth, so the younger reproductive age actually meant that smaller fish were reproducing.

And when you're a small cod reproducing, you produce fewer eggs than a large cod.

The smaller cods simply don't have the body mass to reproduce as many eggs.

The over-fishing pressure on the cod population was pushing the cod into an evolutionary corner.

They were having a harder and harder time surviving.

Student: But what can be done to prevent other scenarios like this?

I mean obviously we need a better way to manage environmental resources.

Professor: Well, what do you guys suggest? Carol?

Student: Hmm, uh, maybe privatize the resources?

A private owner would want to manage the resource efficiently in a sustainable way.

Professor: Ok, but the problem is privatization doesn't necessarily result in better management of an environmental resource.

Any ideas why it wouldn't?

Student: Well, an individual owner might not properly assess the limits of the resource.

So they could be just as prone to overexploiting that resource as a group where lots of people have access to it.

Professor: Yes. Well, like in the 1970s, when it was already clear the North American cod population was declining dramatically, the US and Canada declared a 200-mile exclusive economic zone in the waters around Cape Cod.

By declaring an exclusive economic zone, you see, these two countries were trying to extend their territorial waters.

Basically it was as if they were saying, "we're the private owners. We own these waters. So we own the rights to the fish in them too."

Essentially the two counties told fishing vessels, trollers from all other nations, to get out of the cod fishing area.

You'd think that would be good news for the cod because there'd be less fishing.

However, the US and Canada wanted to expel foreign trollers only in order to increase the number of their own fishing fleets.

The total number of fishing trollers actually increased.

Another possible solution, pass laws that regulate use of the resource.

But for regulation to be effective, penalties for breaking the law have to be large enough to deter violators.

另外，虽然种群中的一些鱼成熟得比较早，但它们都没有真的长得更快。

鳕鱼没有办法加快它的生长速度，所以更年轻的繁殖年纪实际上意味着更小的鱼在繁殖。

而作为一条小鳕鱼繁殖的时候，它能产出的卵比大鳕鱼要少。

小鳕鱼直接没有可以繁殖更多卵的体重。

鳕鱼种群面对的过度捕捞压力正把鳕鱼逼进一个进化的困境。

它们越来越难生存下去。

学生：但是我们能做些什么来防止其他像这样的情况发生呢？

我的意思是，很明显我们需要一个更好的方法管理环境资源。

教授：那你们有什么建议呢？Carol，你来说一下？

学生：也许可以把资源私有化？

私人拥有者会想要以一种可持续的方式有效管理资源的。

教授：好吧，但问题是，私有化并不一定能带来对环境资源的更好管理。

知道为什么不会吗？

学生：个体拥有者也许不会正确地评估资源的限度。

所以他们可能会有作为一个团队过度开发这种资源的倾向，让很多人都能使用它。

教授：是的。就像在二十世纪七十年代，当北美鳕鱼数量正在急剧减少的情况已经变得很明朗时，美国和加拿大宣布在科德角附近的水域成立一个200英里的专属经济区。

其实通过宣布成立一个专属经济区，这两个国家是在试图扩展他们的领海。

基本上他们就是在说：“我们是私人拥有者，这些水域是我们的，所以我们也有权占有里面的鱼。”

这两个国家基本上把所有其他国家的渔船和拖钩渔船都赶出了有鳕鱼的水域。

你们可能以为这对鳕鱼来说会是好消息，因为捕鱼的变少了。

然而，美国和加拿大想把那些外国的渔船赶出去只是为了增加他们自己的渔船数量。

渔船的总数实际上增加了。

另一个可能的解决方案是，通过一些控制资源使用的法律。

但是为了让这些规定能够行之有效，对违法行为的处罚必须大到能够打消违反者的念头。

2.阅读包答案：

就整个铁路工业来说，尽管其财大气粗，但它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而投入的资金。

3，写作包答案：

Old Age and Young The aged are the antecedents of the young, and the young are the candidates of the aged. The difference between age and youth is only a matter of time. But, according to the Chinese custom, there is always an invisible line of demarcation between them. Objectively speaking, sometimes the aged are held in esteem and the young are made light of; sometimes it is just the other way round. Subjectively speaking, the aged are self-conceited because of their good old age, while the young think no small beer of their own youth. For thousands of years it has been assumed that the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies. Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.