宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了雅思每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。



1.听写包 答案：

So what makes studies like these different from ordinary research?
Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business.
First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded
he or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types of research.
Instead they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.
As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that different from ordinary research
the criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into,
or the researchers may select them according to their income,
or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.
But it's absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.
As well as the criteria I've mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves and being watched as they go about their activities.
Actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they're often in their own home or workplace.
So what makes this type of research special is that it's not just a matter of sending a questionnaire to the participants,
instead the research is usually based on first-hand observation of what they are doing at the time.
But that doesn't mean that the researcher never talks to the participants.
However, unlike in traditional research, in this case it's the participant rather than the researchers who decides what direction the interview will follow.
This means that there's less likelihood of the researcher imposing his or her own ideas on the participant.
But after they've said goodbye to their participants and got back to their office, the researchers' work isn't finished.
Most researchers estimate that 70 to 80 percent of their time is spent not on the collecting of data but on its analysis
looking at photos, listening to recordings and transcribing them and so on.
The researchers may end up with hundreds of pages of notes.
And to determine what's significant, they don't focus on the sensational things or the unusual things,
instead they try to identify a pattern of some sort in all this data, and to discern the meaning behind it.
This can result in some compelling insights that can in turn feed back to the whole design process.
那么这样的研究和寻常研究有什么不同呢？
我们来看看商务领域的人种学研究背后的一些普遍原理。
首先，研究人员必须绝对虚心，
他们不能像在其他类型的研究中那样事先想出一个假设，然后测试它的真实性。
相反地，他们要等参与者自己展现出需要的信息。
至于对参与者的选择，这和寻常研究并没有多少区别，
参与者入选的标准也许只是一些很简单的事情，
比如他们的年龄组或者收入，
再或者研究人员也许会试着找到一群全都使用同一种特定产品的人。
但是征募到正确的人选作为参与者至关重要。
除了我提到的标准之外，他们还必须对谈论自己的情况和有人观察他们做自己的事情不会感到不便。
事实上，大部分研究人员都说人们很容易对他们打开心扉，也许这是因为这些通常都是在他们自己家里或者单位进行的。
这种研究与众不同之处就在于它不只是给参与者发一份调查问卷而已，
而是通常根据对参与者当时做的事情进行的亲身观察来展开研究。
但这并不是说研究人员从不跟这些参与者交谈。
不过，和传统的研究不同的是，在这种研究中，决定采访走向的并不是研究人员，而是参与者。
也就是说，研究人员把自己的想法强加到参与者身上的可能性要小一些。
但是在告别了参与者回到办公室之后，研究人员的工作还没有结束。
据大部分研究人员估计，他们百分之七十到八十的时间都花在了分析这些数据而不是收集它们上，
他们要仔细看照片、听录音并转录它们等等。
研究人员最终可能会整理出数百页的笔记。
为了判定出重要的信息，他们不会把注意力集中在非同一般或者不寻常的事情上，
而是试图辨认出所有数据中共同存在的某种模式，然后识别其背后的意义。
这一举动可能会带来一些引人注目的见解，而这些见解反过来能够反馈给整个设计流程。



2. 阅读包答案：

要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。



3.写作包答案：

China is universally acknowledged as the country where the compass was invented. The compass, originally called Sinan, a south-pointing ladle, appeared during the Warring States Period. Generally, the directions of north, east, west and south are shown on the compass, and so are the angle markings in degrees. North corresponds to zero degree, and the degrees increase clockwise. As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, the compass played an important role in people’s life, especially in maritime undertakings. It also had a significant influence on the western world, as thereafter those countries began large-scale overseas adventures.