宝春

各位同学们，为了督促帮助大家持续提升英语能力，培君老师们特意给大家准备了托福思每日一包。每天覆盖听说读写内容，坚持完成两周以上，就能见到自己的英语能力不断上涨哟。

1. 听写包答案：

So now let's take a look at how Dadaist ideas represented to audiences in highly unconventional... well... I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events.

I suppose you just have to call them shows.

These shows started in Zurich in a place called the Cabaret Voltaire.

The rejection of classical western art, well, you see this in the nature of what took place at the Cabaret Voltaire.

They didn't put on plays or operas there.

What they did was throw out all conventions.

They mixed everything and anything together.

They would... it might start with somebody reading a poem.

Then somebody else playing an instrument, followed by a display of paintings, followed by somebody else chanting, followed by somebody else banging on a big drum, and someone dressed in a robot costume jumping up and down.

So it's not like a play.

There's no real plot development here like you'd find in the traditional theatrical performance.

The performers at the Cabaret Voltaire would also get the audience involved, which was extremely unusual.

Think about a traditional play.

The action's self-contained.

The actors act as if there is no one watching, right?

It's like a world unto itself.

Well, at the Cabaret Voltaire, audience members could get up on stage and dance, or chant, or shout and sing from their seats.

And every night would be different, because there would be a different audience and a different set of acts and displays.

So all these could get pretty chaotic.

No barriers between the performers and the audience, and no barriers between kinds of art either.

Think about it: poetry, paintings, music, dance... all on the same stage and often at the same time!

This is what the Dadaists had in mind.

When they set out to make art that reflected their own idea of reality, it didn't make sense.

But why should it? !

What is the main purpose of the lecture?

Why does the professor mention a stool with a bicycle wheel mounted on top?

According to the professor, why did some Dadaist write poetry by pulling words out of a hat?

What does the professor identify as aspects of traditional play?

According to the professor, what contributed to the chaotic nature of the performances at the Cabaret Voltaire?

Why does the professor say this: I suppose you just have to call them shows.

现在让我们来看看达达主义思想如何为不同寻常的观众表演，我甚至不知道怎样对这些戏剧性事件进行分类。

我想你们就叫它们“表演”就行。

这些表演最初在苏黎世的一个叫伏尔泰酒馆的地方上演。

对古典西方艺术的摒弃——你能看出这就是伏尔泰酒馆里表演的本质。

他们没有上演戏剧或歌剧。

他们所做的就是把所有的传统扔掉。

他们把所有的东西都混在一起。

他们会……可能从某人朗诵一首诗歌开始。

然后一些人会演奏乐器，接着会有绘画展出，然后有人唱赞美诗，又有人猛敲大鼓，还有人穿着机器人戏服上蹿下跳。

这不是话剧。

这里面没有真正的，你会在传统剧院戏剧里的情节发展。

伏尔泰旅馆里的表演者会让观众参与进来，这非常罕见。

想想传统戏剧吧。

表演是不受他人影响的。

演员表演得似乎没人在看，对吧？

就是一个自己的世界。

在伏尔泰旅馆，观众能走上舞台，跳舞、唱圣歌，或在座位上大声叫喊，大声歌唱。

每天晚上都不一样，因为观众都不一样，表演内容和展览也不一样。

这一切都非常混乱。

表演者和观众之间没有明显的界限，正如不同的艺术之间也无界限。

想想吧：诗歌、绘画、音乐、舞蹈……这一切都在同一个舞台上，而且往往在同一时间。

这就是达达主义者想的东西。

当他们决定要创造能反映自己对现实的想法的艺术时，都是不合理的。

但为什么要合理呢？

这节课主要讲了什么？

为什么教授提到了顶上有自行车轮的凳子？

根据教授所言，为什么一些达达主义者通过从帽子里抽出单词写诗？

教授将什么归为传统戏剧的元素？

根据教授所言，什么造成了伏尔泰酒馆里本质混乱的表演？

为什么教授要说这句话：我猜你们就叫它们“表演”好了？

2.阅读包答案：

斯特雷特福特公司的简报听起来不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞，这些机构往往以此避免发表引人注目的言论，以防言之有误。

3.写作包答案：

The only way to acquire more knowledge is by education and training. Knowledge,like capital, material resources and sweat, has become anecessary, perhaps the most fundamental factor of production. Therefore,the educational system of asociety should be able to shift towards theknowledge - based work fast,or this society will inevitably lag behind.